Introduction: we reviewed the number of neurodevelopmental disorders in the pediatric population of a primary care center in Zaragoza, in order to determine the prevalence and the growing importance of genetic diagnosis. Material and methods: the research was carried out in the computerized medical record program OMI6 with the following terms: "mental retardation", "development delay", "development disorders" and "autism spectrum disorders". Results: 76 cases of neurodevelopment disorders were found, which mean 2.19% of the population study. The main diagnoses were: 23 language disorders, 17 learning disorders, 11 mental retardation, 10 cases of autism, 8 development delay, 5 cases of dyslexia, 1 case of Asperger's syndrome and 1 case of dyspraxia. A genetic study was requested in 21 cases (27.63% of the children), being more frequent the implementation in cases of mental retardation or autism. The genetic test provided diagnosis in 12 patients of the study (57.14% of the cases). A genetic cause was found in the 75% of the cases with an established diagnosis. Conclusion: this study shows that neurodevelopmental disorders appear in our population with a similar frequency as described in the literature. Genetic studies increasingly produce precise etiological diagnosis.

Introducción: se realiza una revisión del número de trastornos del neurodesarrollo en la población pediátrica de un centro de Atención Primaria de la ciudad de Zaragoza (España), con el objetivo de conocer la prevalencia y la importancia creciente del diagnóstico genético. Material y métodos: se realiza una búsqueda de casos en el programa de historia clínica informatizada OMI6 con los siguientes términos: "retraso mental", "retraso del desarrollo", "trastorno del desarrollo", "autismo". Resultados: se han obtenido 76 casos de trastornos del neurodesarrollo, que son el 2,19% de la población. Los diagnósticos principales fueron: 23 trastornos del lenguaje, 17 trastornos del aprendizaje, 11 de retraso mental, 10 casos de trastorno del espectro autista (TEA), 8 de retraso del desarrollo, 5 casos de dislexia, un caso de síndrome de Asperger y un caso de dispraxia motora. Se solicitó estudio genético en 21 casos, el 27,63% de los niños, siendo mucho más frecuente su realización en casos de retraso mental o TEA. Las pruebas genéticas proporcionaron el diagnóstico en 12 pacientes de los estudiados, un 57,14% de los casos. En general, se encuentra una causa genética en el 75% de los casos con diagnóstico establecido. Conclusiones: este estudio muestra que los trastornos del neurodesarrollo aparecen en nuestra población con una frecuencia similar a la descrita en la bibliografía médica. Los estudios genéticos permiten cada vez más un diagnóstico etiológico preciso.

The present study aimed at evaluating clinical and laboratory aspects during experimental envenomation by Crotalus durissus terrificus in dogs treated with antiophidic serum. Twenty-one dogs were divided into three groups of seven animals each. Group I received 1mg/kg venom (sc); Group II received 1mg/kg venom (sc), 50mg antiophidic serum (iv), and fluid therapy including 0.9% NaCl solution (iv); and Group III received 1mg/kg venom (sc), 50mg antiophidic serum (iv), and fluid therapy including 0.9% NaCl solution containing sodium bicarbonate diluted to the dose of 4mEq/kg. The clinical signs of ataxia, sedation, flaccid paralysis, mydriasis, eyeball paralysis, mandible ptosis, sialorrhea, vomiting and diarrhea observed in the dogs were very similar to those observed in humans. The decrease in hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte, platelet and fibrinogen levels, prolongation of clotting time, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), as well as hypocellularity in the bone marrow characterized anemia, thrombocytopenia and blood incoagulability, as well as hypofibrinogenemia and decreased bone-marrow activity. Important bleeding was not observed. Increased numbers of leukocytes and neutrophils and decreased numbers of lymphocytes and eosinophils characterized an acute inflammatory response and stress caused by generalized pain. The employed antiophidic serum was effective and all animals survived.

We report the case of a 37-year-old, white male with a primary central nervous system lymphoma with multiple supra and infratentorial locations. The patient developed manifestations of intraocular inflammation secondary to the intracranial neoplasm (masquerade syndrome) and lymphocytopenia -with a low CD4 cell count- representing an immunodeficiency state which etiology was undiagnosed. The diagnosis of lymphoma was established by vitreous cytology. The patient died 10 months after the beginning of the symptoms.

Se describe el caso de un varón de 37 años con un linfoma primario del sistema nervioso central y con múltiples localizaciones supra e infratentoriales. El paciente presentaba manifestaciones de inflamación intraocular como expresión de su neoplasia intracraneana (síndrome de enmascaramiento) y linfocitopenia con un recuento disminuido de CD4- como representación de una inmunodeficiencia cuya etiología no logramos identificar. El diagnóstico de linfoma se confirmó a través del estudio citológico del humor vítreo. El paciente falleció 10 meses después del comienzo de los síntomas.